SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)
Kendli ailesinde dünyaya göz açan Nyuton , atasını o doğulmamışdan 3 ay qabaq itirmişdi(atası vefat etmişdi). On iki yasinda Grantham-da king”s Schools”a yazilan Nyuton bu mektebi 1661-ci ilde bitirdi. Hemin il Cambridge Universitetindeki Trinity Kollecine daxil oldu. 1665-ci ilin aprelinde bu mektebden lisans derecesini aldi. Lisansustu calismalarina baslayacigi muddetde ehali arasinda vahime yaradan veba xesteliyi uzunden universitet baglandi.
Xestelikden qorunmaq meqsedi ile anasinin yanina siginan Nyuton burada kecirdiyi iki il boyunca en onemli ideyalarini gerceklesdirdi. 1667-ci ilde Trinity Kollecine qayitdigi zaman differensial ve inteqral hesabin temellerini qoymus , ag isigin rengli spektrlere ayrilmasini mueyyenlesdirmis ve cisimlerin bir-birlerini aralarindaki mesafenin kvadrati ile ters mutenasib olaraq cezb etdiklerini fikrine gelmisdir. Cekingenliyi uzunden Nyuton her bir elmde boyuk deyisiklik yarada bilecek bu kesflerin coxunu uzun iller sonra ( meselen differensial ve inteqral hesablari 38 il sonra) uze cixarmisdir. Nyuton 1669-cu ilde hele 27 yasi olanda Cambridge Universitetinde riyaziyyat professoru kimi calismaga basladi . 1671-ci ilde ilk aynali teleskopu ixtira etdi ve ertesi il Royal Society-in uzvu secildi .Royal Society-ye teklif etdiyi reng haqqinda fikirlerinin tenqidlere hedef olmasi , xususen de Robert Hooke terefinden siddetli tenqidlere meruz qalmasi Nyutonun ozune qapanaraq elm dunyasindan elaqesini tamamile kesmeye getirib cixardi. 1675-ci ilde yeniden teklif etdiyi optik movzusundaki iki fikri yeni munaqiselere yol acdi. Hooke meqalelerde bezi tapintilarin oz kesfi oldugunu, Nyutonun bunlara sahib cixdigini soylemisdi. Butun bu munaqiseler ve tenqidler neticesinde 1678-ci ilde ruhi sarsinti keciren Nyuton ancaq yaxin dostu, meshur astronom, riyaziyyatci Edmond Halleyin xahisi ile alti il sonra elmi calismalarina geri dondu.
Cambridge Universitetindeki katolikliyi yaymaga qarsi yoneldilen herekata basciliq eden Nyuton , Kral dusuruldukden sonra 1689-cu ilde universitetin parlamentindeki temsilciliyine secildi. 1693-cu ilde yeniden ruhi sarsinti kecirdi ve yaxin dostlari ile , bu arada Samuel Pepys ve John Locke ile arasi pozuldu. Iki il davam eden ruhi sarsintidan sonra sagligina yeniden qovussa da bundan sonraki heyatinda elmi calismalara evvelki kimi maraq gostermedi . Daha sonra 1699-cu ilde Fransa Elmler Akademiyasinin xarici uzvuluyune , 1703-cu ilde Royal Society-nin bascisi secildi.
Gelmis kecmis elm adamlarinin en boyuklerinden biri olaraq qebul edilen Nyuton riyaziyyat ve fizikada cox onemli kesfler etmisdi. Nyutonun elme en boyuk komeyi mexanikadadir. Merkezeqacma quvvesi qanunu ile Kepler qanunlarini ele alaraq kutleceki qanununu ortaya qoydu.
Nyutonun kitablarindan bezileri Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, principia , opticks sayila biler.Nyuton hec vaxt evlenmeyib.
in english:
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
English scientist, astronomer and mathematician Born in 1642 - Died in 1727
Sir Isaac Newton when he was a boy, was more interested in making mechanical * devices than in studying. He made a windmill that could grind wheat and corn, and he made a water clock and a sundial. His teachers thought of him as a poor student. He wanted to go to college, but he didn't have the money to go. He enrolled at the lowest entry. In this position he had to serve the other students by running errands for them. He even ate the leftovers of their meals, but he would do anything to get an opportunity to learn. Even when he was in college, he was not outstanding and received no awards. When the university shut down because of the plague, he went home and continued to study on his own. He had a notebook with 140 blank pages and he began to fill them with notes as he read and experimented. His childlike curiosity led him to make some very important discoveries when he became a man. Within a period of a year and half he made three great discoveries. One day when he was drinking tea in the garden, he saw an apple fall to the ground. He started thinking about why it fell, and finally concluded that the same force that caused the apple to fall also kept the moon in orbit around the earth. This same force, gravity, * also kept the planets in orbit around the sun. The apple incident led to his three basic laws of motion: An object in motion tends to remain in motion unless an external force stops it; an object moves in a straight line unless some force diverts it; for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. He didn't publish his findings for a long time. Edmund Halley, an astronomer, * urged him to publish the things he had learned. His second discovery was about light and the properties of light. He spent months in a darkened room doing experiments. He passed a beam of sunlight through a prism and found that the beam of light was broken down into different colors. He concluded that something that appears green, such as grass, looks green because it reflects the green light in the sun and absorbs most of the other colors. Some of his experimenting was dangerous. He would look at the sun, (something his mother had told him never to do), and he would stare at the reflection of the sun in a mirror until he lost his sight. Then he shut himself up in a dark room for several days until his vision finally returned. He also made a reflecting telescope to use in his studies. Newton's third great discovery was in the field of math when he developed a kind of math we call calculus * . He was just 24 years old at the time. However he did not publish his findings for about 20 years, and by that time someone else had figured out the same thing. Newton said the man had stolen his idea. There was a bitter debate over which man made the discovery . Newton got his friends to say that he was the one. However, 200 years later, it was decided that both men had come to the same conclusion without help from the other one. By the time he was in his mid 50's he had worn himself out and suffered from exhaustion. Some were even afraid he might have mercury poisoning caused by his experiments. In 1696 he became the head of the mint where the coins were made. There was a lot of counterfeiting * . People were making their own coins. So the mint started replacing all the coins with new coins. Newton would dress up in disguises so that no one would know him, and he would go out on the streets of London to try and catch the counterfeiters. He was successful in capturing the people who were responsible. Sir Isaac Newton never married. It is said that he was very generous with his nieces and nephews and with the scientists who helped him in his work.
Xestelikden qorunmaq meqsedi ile anasinin yanina siginan Nyuton burada kecirdiyi iki il boyunca en onemli ideyalarini gerceklesdirdi. 1667-ci ilde Trinity Kollecine qayitdigi zaman differensial ve inteqral hesabin temellerini qoymus , ag isigin rengli spektrlere ayrilmasini mueyyenlesdirmis ve cisimlerin bir-birlerini aralarindaki mesafenin kvadrati ile ters mutenasib olaraq cezb etdiklerini fikrine gelmisdir. Cekingenliyi uzunden Nyuton her bir elmde boyuk deyisiklik yarada bilecek bu kesflerin coxunu uzun iller sonra ( meselen differensial ve inteqral hesablari 38 il sonra) uze cixarmisdir. Nyuton 1669-cu ilde hele 27 yasi olanda Cambridge Universitetinde riyaziyyat professoru kimi calismaga basladi . 1671-ci ilde ilk aynali teleskopu ixtira etdi ve ertesi il Royal Society-in uzvu secildi .Royal Society-ye teklif etdiyi reng haqqinda fikirlerinin tenqidlere hedef olmasi , xususen de Robert Hooke terefinden siddetli tenqidlere meruz qalmasi Nyutonun ozune qapanaraq elm dunyasindan elaqesini tamamile kesmeye getirib cixardi. 1675-ci ilde yeniden teklif etdiyi optik movzusundaki iki fikri yeni munaqiselere yol acdi. Hooke meqalelerde bezi tapintilarin oz kesfi oldugunu, Nyutonun bunlara sahib cixdigini soylemisdi. Butun bu munaqiseler ve tenqidler neticesinde 1678-ci ilde ruhi sarsinti keciren Nyuton ancaq yaxin dostu, meshur astronom, riyaziyyatci Edmond Halleyin xahisi ile alti il sonra elmi calismalarina geri dondu.
Cambridge Universitetindeki katolikliyi yaymaga qarsi yoneldilen herekata basciliq eden Nyuton , Kral dusuruldukden sonra 1689-cu ilde universitetin parlamentindeki temsilciliyine secildi. 1693-cu ilde yeniden ruhi sarsinti kecirdi ve yaxin dostlari ile , bu arada Samuel Pepys ve John Locke ile arasi pozuldu. Iki il davam eden ruhi sarsintidan sonra sagligina yeniden qovussa da bundan sonraki heyatinda elmi calismalara evvelki kimi maraq gostermedi . Daha sonra 1699-cu ilde Fransa Elmler Akademiyasinin xarici uzvuluyune , 1703-cu ilde Royal Society-nin bascisi secildi.
Gelmis kecmis elm adamlarinin en boyuklerinden biri olaraq qebul edilen Nyuton riyaziyyat ve fizikada cox onemli kesfler etmisdi. Nyutonun elme en boyuk komeyi mexanikadadir. Merkezeqacma quvvesi qanunu ile Kepler qanunlarini ele alaraq kutleceki qanununu ortaya qoydu.
Nyutonun kitablarindan bezileri Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, principia , opticks sayila biler.Nyuton hec vaxt evlenmeyib.
in english:
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
English scientist, astronomer and mathematician Born in 1642 - Died in 1727
Sir Isaac Newton when he was a boy, was more interested in making mechanical * devices than in studying. He made a windmill that could grind wheat and corn, and he made a water clock and a sundial. His teachers thought of him as a poor student. He wanted to go to college, but he didn't have the money to go. He enrolled at the lowest entry. In this position he had to serve the other students by running errands for them. He even ate the leftovers of their meals, but he would do anything to get an opportunity to learn. Even when he was in college, he was not outstanding and received no awards. When the university shut down because of the plague, he went home and continued to study on his own. He had a notebook with 140 blank pages and he began to fill them with notes as he read and experimented. His childlike curiosity led him to make some very important discoveries when he became a man. Within a period of a year and half he made three great discoveries. One day when he was drinking tea in the garden, he saw an apple fall to the ground. He started thinking about why it fell, and finally concluded that the same force that caused the apple to fall also kept the moon in orbit around the earth. This same force, gravity, * also kept the planets in orbit around the sun. The apple incident led to his three basic laws of motion: An object in motion tends to remain in motion unless an external force stops it; an object moves in a straight line unless some force diverts it; for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. He didn't publish his findings for a long time. Edmund Halley, an astronomer, * urged him to publish the things he had learned. His second discovery was about light and the properties of light. He spent months in a darkened room doing experiments. He passed a beam of sunlight through a prism and found that the beam of light was broken down into different colors. He concluded that something that appears green, such as grass, looks green because it reflects the green light in the sun and absorbs most of the other colors. Some of his experimenting was dangerous. He would look at the sun, (something his mother had told him never to do), and he would stare at the reflection of the sun in a mirror until he lost his sight. Then he shut himself up in a dark room for several days until his vision finally returned. He also made a reflecting telescope to use in his studies. Newton's third great discovery was in the field of math when he developed a kind of math we call calculus * . He was just 24 years old at the time. However he did not publish his findings for about 20 years, and by that time someone else had figured out the same thing. Newton said the man had stolen his idea. There was a bitter debate over which man made the discovery . Newton got his friends to say that he was the one. However, 200 years later, it was decided that both men had come to the same conclusion without help from the other one. By the time he was in his mid 50's he had worn himself out and suffered from exhaustion. Some were even afraid he might have mercury poisoning caused by his experiments. In 1696 he became the head of the mint where the coins were made. There was a lot of counterfeiting * . People were making their own coins. So the mint started replacing all the coins with new coins. Newton would dress up in disguises so that no one would know him, and he would go out on the streets of London to try and catch the counterfeiters. He was successful in capturing the people who were responsible. Sir Isaac Newton never married. It is said that he was very generous with his nieces and nephews and with the scientists who helped him in his work.
posted by ziya at 9:37 AM
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